Volume 11 – 2021 (0005)

Comunicação de Destinos Turísticos em Tempos de Pandemia

Luís Ferreira 1, Luís Pestana Mourão 1 and Jorge Ricardo Pinto 1

1 ISCET – High Institute of Business and Tourism Sciences, Porto, Portugal

To cite this text:

Ferreira, L., Mourão, L. P. & Pinto, J. R. (2021), Comunicação de Destinos Turísticos em Tempos de Pandemia, Percursos & Ideias, Vol. 11, pp. 45-59.

doi: 10.56123/percursos.2021.n11.45

View full text PDF

Abstract

And suddenly, the world stopped. With it, tourism activity practically ceased, triggering an unprecedented crisis, after decades of continuous and exponential growth. Thus, this article aims to analyze the reactions of the tourism industry to this economic and social bump, both from a technological and communicational point of view, analyzing relational marketing campaigns in different tourist destinations and the technological resources available to organizations and companies in the sector. To this end, a comparative analysis of the different communication strategies was carried out, as well as an inventory of technological and / or digital solutions to face the crisis, namely in the role of the internet, the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the “social software” and the 5G networks, opening a discussion about the future of the sector and the new communication challenges of the tourism industry.

Keywords

COVID-19, Tourism, Internet, Communication, Technology.

References

ACEPI. (22 de 11 de 2019). Estudo da Economia Digital 2019. Obtido de ACEPI-Associação Economia Digital, [Consult. a 15/05/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.acepi.pt/downloads.php?idCategoria=94

ACEPI. (22 de 10 de 2019). Integração do marketing e das vendas: quais as estratégias? Obtido de ACEPI, [Consult. a 15/05/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.acepi.pt/artigoDetalhe.php?idArtigo=92346

APDC (21 de 02 de 2019), Vodafone: smart parking reforça mobilidade em Cascais. Obtido de APDC, [Consult. a 15/05/2020]. Disponível em: http://www.apdc.pt/noticias/breves-do-sector/vodafone-smart-parking-reforca-mobilidade-em-cascais

ARIVAL (2020), “The Experience Revolution: Global Market Sizing, Forecasting, and Trends”, in Arival: The In-Destination Voice, [Consult. a 05/05/2020]. Disponível em: https://arival.travel/global-market-sizing-forecasting-and-trends/

ASSOCIAÇÃO DE TURISMO DE CASCAIS (ATC) (2020), Campanha promocional: Cascais um mundo por descobrir, [Consult. a 04/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://youtu.be/fuayw3iXILw

ASSOCIAÇÃO DE TURISMO DE LISBOA (ATL) (2020), Campanha promocional: Lisboa Acordou, [Consult. a 04/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.visitlisboa.com/pt-pt

BANCO DE PORTUGAL E INE (2020), COVID-19: acompanhamento do impacto da pandemia nas empresas. Inquérito Rápido e Excecional às Empresas – COVID-19. 2ª Quinzena de Junho de 2020, 1 de julho de 2020. [Consult. a 02/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://bpstat.bportugal.pt/api/media/files/conteudo/633/0107/IREE_01072020.pdf

BENNETT, M. (1993), “Information Technology and travel agency: a customer service perspective”, in Tourism Management, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 259-266. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(93)90060-X

BILGIHAN, A. et al. (2016), “Consumer perception of knowledge-sharing in travel related online social networks”, in Tourism Management, vol 52, pp. 287-296. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.002

BOJNEC, Š.; KRIBEL, Z. (2004), “Information and Communication Technology in Tourism”, in Intellectual Capital and Knowledge management. Processdings of the 5th International Conference of the Faculty of Management Koper, University of Primorska, November 18-30, Portoroz, Slovenia, pp. 445-454.

BOSS, J.-L. (2020), The real talk on hotel website conversion rates, [Consult. a 20/05/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.hotelariadigital.pt/single-post/2019/10/23/The-real-talk-on-hotel-website-conversion-rates

BOUHALIS, D.; LAW, R. (2008), “Progress in Information Technology and Tourism Management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet-The sate of eTourism research”, in Tourism Management, 29(04), pp. 609-623.

BUHALIS, D.; AMARANGGANA, A. (2014), “Smart Tourism Destinations”, in Z. Xiang & I. Tussyadiah (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 553–564.

BURGESS, S. et al. (2009), User-generated content (UGC) in tourism: Benefits and concerns of online consumers, ECIS 2009 Proceedings. 439. Disponível em: https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2009/439

CÂMARA MUNICIPAL DE BRAGA (CMB) (2020), Com este arco-íris, Braga abraça o país inteiro!, Braga: Câmara Municipal de Braga, [Consult. a 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLAwHLH0FiA

CÂMARA MUNICIPAL DE CABECEIRAS DE BASTO (CMCB) (2020), Cabeceiras de Basto: Câmara Municipal de Cabeceiras de Basto, [Consult. a 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://cabeceirasdebasto.pt/

CÂMARA MUNICIPAL DE ESPOSENDE (CME) (2020), Esposende é a tua praia, Esposende: Câmara Municipal de Esposende, [Consult. a 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPuYO_Tiwhg

CENAMOR, I. et al. (2016), “Planning for tourism routes using social networks”, in Expert Systems with Applications, 69, pp. 1-9.

CONFEDERAÇÃO EMPRESARIAL DE PORTUGAL & NOVA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS (2019), O futuro do trabalho em Portugal: o imperativo da requalificação, Lisboa: CIP.

DIAH, I.; FESENMAIER, D. (2009), “Mediating tourist experiences: Access to places via shared videos”, in Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1) pp. 24-40.

DIÁRIO DE NOTICIAS (2019), “Mais de 80% dos portugueses na Internet já estão nas redes sociais”, in Diário de Notícias, 22 de novembro de 2019. Disponível em: https://insider.dn.pt/noticias/mais-de-80-dos-utilizadores-de-internet-ja-estao-nas-redes-sociais/23127/

EUROPEAN TRAVEL COMISSION (ETC) (2020), Campanha promocional: We Are Europe, [Consult. a 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://etc-corporate.org/news/we-are-europe-tourism-campaign-launched-on-euronews/

FUNDO MONETÁRIO INTERNACIONAL (2020), World Economic Outlook – June 2020. A Crisis Like No Other, An Uncertain Recovery, [Consult. a 02/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/06/24/WEOUpdateJune2020

GAJDOSIK, T. (2018), “Smart Tourism: Concepts and insights from Central Europe”, in Czech Journal of Tourism, 7(1), pp. 25-44.

GRETZEL, U. (2018), “Tourism and Social Media”, in Chris Cooper et al. (ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management, London: SAGE, pp. 415-432.

HUBSPOT (2020), What is ibnound marketing?. Disponível em: https://www.hubspot.com/inbound-marketing

IBM (s.d.), Big data analytics. Disponível em: https://www.ibm.com/analytics/hadoop/big-data-analytics

INDU; BINDU (2018), “Virtual Reality: A Marketing Approach for Tourism Destinations”, in International Research Journal of Human Resource and Social Sciences, vol. 5, issue 3, pp. 552-559.

INE (2020), Atividade turística. Abril de 2020, [Consult. a 01/07/2020]. Disponível em https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=415204263&DESTAQUESmodo=2

INE (2020a), Atividade turística. Maio de 2020, [Consult. a 01/07/2020]. Disponível em https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=441661160&DESTAQUESmodo=2

INTELLIGENCE, G. (2020), GSMA Intelligence. Disponível em: http://gsmaintelligence.com/

INTERNETWORLDSTATS (2020), Internet World Stats-Usage and Population Statistics. Disponível em: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

IVANOV, S. (2020), “The impact of automation on tourism and hospitality jobs”, in Information Technology & Tourism, 2, pp. 205-215.

JOVICIC, D. (2019), “From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart tourism destination”, in Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 22, issue 3, pp. 276-282.

KATSAROS, K. (2019), “Enhancing Tourist Experiences through 5G – The 5G Smart Tourism Case Study”, in IEEE 2nd 5G World Forum (5GWF), Dresden: IEEE, pp. 471-476.

KAUR, G. (2017), “The Importance of Digital Marketing in the Tourism”, in International Journal of Resarch-Granthaalayah, vol. 5, issue 6, pp. 72-77.

KEPIOS (2020), Global social media overview. Disponível em: https://datareportal.com/social-media-busers

KHAN, M. et al. (2017), “Smart city and smart tourism: a case of Dubai”, in Sustainability, vol. 9, issue 12, pp 1-24.

LI, Y. et al. (February de 2017), “The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services”, in Tourism Management, 58, pp. 293-300.

LIBERATO, P.; ALEN, E.; LIBERATO, D. (2018), “Smart Tourism Destination triggers consumer experience: the case of Porto”, in European Journal of Management and Business Economics, vol. 27, N-1, pp. 6-25.

LU, M.; SUGIYAMA, M.; AKAYO. (2018), “Location-based applications using analog maps for sustainable local tourism information services”, in Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, vol. 53, issue 2, pp. 129-145.

MARTINS, C.; COSTA, C.; PACHECO, O. (2013), “E-Business strategies for destination management organizations”, in J. Santos, P. Águas & F. Serra, TMS Conference Series, Faro: Universidade do Algarve,  pp. 47-56.

MORO, S. et al. (2019), “Analysing recent augmented and virtual reality developments in tourism”, in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, vol. 10, issue 4, pp. 571-586.

MOURÃO, L. (2020), “Inovação e Emprego: Análise dos Impactos no Turismo em Portugal”, in A. Carvalho, J. Pinto & F. Tavares, Turismo: Desafios e Perspectivas, Porto: Edições Afrontamento, pp. 173-190 .

NABBEN, A. et al. (2015), “International Tourism Student Conference”, in Smart Techonologies in Tourism-case study on the influence of ibeacons on customer experience during the 2015 SAIL Amesterdam event, NHTV Breda Univresity of Applied Sciences, pp. 1-32. Disponível em: https://www.acepi.pt/artigoDetalhe.php?idArtigo=92346

NIT (2020), “Porto recebe trotinetes e bicicletas partilhadas – com estacionamento reservado”, in New In Town, 8 de março de 2020. Disponível em: https://nit.pt/out-of-town/back-in-town/porto-recebe-trotinetes-e-bicicletas-partilhadas-com-estacionamento-reservado

NURO (2020), NURO. Disponível em: https://nuro.ai/

O´CONNOR, P. (1999), Electronic Information and Distribution in Tourism and Hospitality, França: CABI Publishing.

PIMENTEL, K.; TEIXEIRA, K. (1995), Virtual Reality-through the new looking glass, New York: Mc Graw Hill.

POON, A. (1993), Tourism, technology and competitive advantage, Wallingford (UK): CAB International.

PORTER, M. (1985), Competitive advantage; creating and sustaining superior performance,New York: Free Press.

PUORTO, S. (2018), 2.2% – A closer look into hotel conversion rates, 15 de fevereiro de 2018, Disponível em: https://www.phocuswire.com/2-2-a-closer-look-into-hotel-conversion-rates

RASOOLIMANESH, S.; BUHALIS, D.; COBANOGLU, C. (2019), “Guest Editorial”, in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, Vol. 10, n.º 4, pp. 481-488.

RIPRESE FIRENZE (2020), Riprese Firenze. Vídeo: To Humans, from Florence, [Consul. a 03/07/2020. Disponível em: https://www.ripresefirenze.it/portfolio/to-humans-from-florence/ e https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=To+humans%2C+from+Florence.

RODRIGUEZ, M.; DIANA, C. (2018), “Tecnologias de information y comunicacion para el turismo inclusivo”, in Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion, vol. 26, n.º 1, pp. 125-146.

SAS (s.d.), Machine Learning-What it is and why it matters. Disponível em: https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/machine-learning.html

SCHAWB, K. (2018), A quarta revolução industrial, Lisboa: LEVOIR.

STATISTA (2020), Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2020, ranked by number of active users, 6 de junho de 2020, Disponível em: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/

____ (2020), Worldwide digital population as of April 2020, 2 de junho de 2020,. Disponível em: https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/

TICHÁ, I. (2011), “Exploring intellectual capital through social network analysis: A conceptual framework”, in Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, pp. 361-364.

TURISMO DE BARCELONA (2020), BarcelonaVisitsYou, [Consult. 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/user/visitbcn

TURISMO DO CENTRO (2020), Haverá tempo!, [Consult. 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://turismodocentro.pt/artigo/havera-tempo/

TURISMO DE MADRID (2020), Madrid para. Para volver más fuerte, [Consult. 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGVhLuJKYNw

TURISMO DE PORTUGAL (2020), Inquérito Rápido e Excecional às Empresas – COVID-19. 2.ª Quinzena de Junho de 2020, [Consult. 02/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://travelbi.turismodeportugal.pt/pt-pt/Paginas/inquerito-rapido-excecional-empresas-dp-2-quinzena-de-maio-de-2020.aspx

TURISMO DE PORTUGAL (2020), Inquérito Rápido e Excecional às Empresas – COVID-19. 2.ª Quinzena de Junho de 2020, [Consult. 02/07/2020]. Disponível em:

https://travelbi.turismodeportugal.pt/pt-pt/Paginas/inquerito-rapido-excecional-empresas-dp-2-quinzena-de-maio-de-2020.aspx

____ (2020a), CantSkipHope, [Consult. 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFlFkGV207A&feature=youtu.be

UNWTO (2020), UNWTO Barometer, May 2020. Special focus on Impact of Covid-19. Summary, [Consult. 01/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020

UNWTO (2020a), UNWTO Barometer, International Tourism faces deepest crisis in history, vol. 18, issue 2, May 2020, [Consult. 01/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-05/UNWTO_Barom20_02_May.pdf

____ (2020b), COVID-19 Tourism Recovery Technical Assistance Package, [Consult. 01/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.unwto.org/news/unwto-releases-a-covid-19-technical-assistance-package-for-tourism-recovery

____ (2020c), Global Guidelines to Restart Tourism, [Consult. 01/07/2020]. Disponível em:  https://www.unwto.org/restarting-tourism

____ (2020d), Stay at Home: Staying home today means travelling tomorrow, [Consult. 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.unwto.org/sites/default/files/news/un-tourism-news-10.html

UNWTO & DATA PARTNERS (2020), COVID-19 – a global insight on travel and tourism impacts, [Consult. 01/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19

WTTC (2020), TogetherInTravel, [Consult. 03/07/2020]. Disponível em: https://wttc.org/COVID-19/TogetherInTravel